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The Diary of Lena Mukhina: A Girl's Life in the Siege of Leningrad, by Lena Mukhina
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In May 1941 Lena Mukhina was an ordinary teenage girl, living in Leningrad, worrying about her homework and whether Vova - the boy she liked - liked her. Like a good Soviet schoolgirl, she was also diligently learning German, the language of Russia's Nazi ally. And she was keeping a diary, in which she recorded her hopes and dreams. Then, on 22 June 1941, Hitler broke his pact with Stalin and declared war on the Soviet Union.
All too soon, Leningrad was besieged and life became a living hell. Lena and her family fought to stay alive; their city was starving and its citizens were dying in their hundreds of thousands. From day to dreadful day, Lena records her experiences: the desperate hunt for food, the bitter cold of the Russian winter and the cruel deaths of those she loved.
A truly remarkable account of this most terrible era in modern history, The Diary of Lena Mukhina is the vivid first-hand testimony of a courageous young woman struggling simply to survive.
- Sales Rank: #1453067 in eBooks
- Published on: 2015-02-12
- Released on: 2015-02-12
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
Lena's diary, sustained by emotional stamina and driven by daily drama, describes one of the worst civilian horrors of modern wartime. -- Iain Finlayson The Times Heartbreaking ... the innocence set against the reader's terrible sense of impending doom. Mail on Sunday An extraordinary testament to the horrors suffered during the 900-day blockade. Choice
About the Author
Lena Mukhina was a sixteen-year-old schoolgirl when the German army invaded the USSR in 1941 and besieged her home city of Leningrad. She survived the siege and returned to Leningrad after the war. She died in 1991.
Most helpful customer reviews
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Like Anne Frank, Lena Mukhina has written herself into immortality
By Lost John
On the front of this book, four women are seen pulling a sledge, laden with what appears to be two cadavers. The ground is frozen, possibly re-frozen after a partial thaw, suggesting the photograph was taken in late March 1942, around the 200th day of the Nazi blockade of Leningrad. Just less than 100,000 people died in Leningrad that month, most from starvation. In each of the two previous months the number exceeded 100,000.
By chance, 15-year-old Lena Mukhina began her almost daily report on her life in Leningrad on 22nd May 1941. She was a very normal teenager. Her primary concerns were the end-of-year examinations at school and social relationships with her fellow pupils. She had a number of girlfriends, was on good terms with several boys, and considered herself in love with a boy named Vova. Vova was always polite, but unfortunately showed no real interest in Lena. Lena, of course, hoped to change that.
She writes interestingly, and is particularly good at dialogue. Some of the early pages of her diary could be transferred directly to a film or TV script.
Then, on 22nd June, Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa. Lena's diary entries include news of the invasion as it was conveyed to the Soviet population through Sovinformburo, and as it impacted herself, her circle of school friends and their city.
She was co-opted to help with trench-digging within the city limits and then, in mid-July, she and `Mama Lena' (Lena's late mother's sister) were conscripted for three days of trench digging 21 miles south of Leningrad. The logistics of 12 hours of overnight digging, with a ten minute break every hour, are carefully described. 'We learned that there wasn't any food but there would be soon.'
Air raids began in early July; food rationing quickly followed. On 8th September Lena wrote, 'there were nine air raids ... If we have nine air raids a day for ten days in a row, then I believe there will be considerably more lunatics than sane people left in the city.'
Gradually, shortage of food became a far greater concern than either air raids or artillery fire. In November, the bread ration for white collar workers, adult dependents and children under 12 was reduced to 125 grams a day (4.4 ounces).
For the most part, Lena remains remarkably optimistic and cheerful. For as long as they had the energy, Lena and Mama Lena chased around and queued as necessary to buy the little amounts of food to which they were entitled. They each brought home small quantities of food they were given at lunchtime at work and school and made soup of it with plenty of hot water. After eating two bowls of this soup, Lena would go to bed 'feeling full'.
The bread ration was eased a little on December 25th, and there was a further increase in late January. But it was still too little and the January increase came too late to save Mama Lena. After some days of becoming increasingly lethargic and incapable, she died on February 7th, leaving Lena alone in the besieged city. Lena sent a telegram to her nearest relatives, 700 miles away, asking for 'advice', but, most unfortunately, sent it to an old address. It was late April before she finally received the response 'come'.
But how to get out of Leningrad? And how to survive until that became possible? Lena details almost daily her further adventures and the many frustrations of securing a place on an evacuation train. Even when that is arranged, there are further delays.
By late May, Lena is recording definite signs that she is herself succumbing to starvation. Then the diary abruptly ends, exactly 368 days after it began.
If we had no other information, we would fear that Lena had become moribund and, after a few more days, died. But the editors of this excellent volume have managed to establish that Lena did finally leave Leningrad in early June and that she ultimately lived to be 66, in her later years working in Moscow as a commercial artist.
For some readers of this book, the day-by-day account of the very small amounts of food acquired and consumed may become tedious. Others, especially of Lena's own age, will deeply empathize with her, and strongly will her to remain optimistic and active - and survive. For anyone with an interest in Soviet Russia and the Leningrad Siege, there is a huge amount to be learnt from Lena's diary, and it will implant an indelible impression of that awful Leningrad winter. This text is an important find. Without having any idea that she was doing so, Lena Mukhina has written herself into immortality.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Like Anne Frank, Lena Mukhina has written herself into immortality
By Lost John
On the front of this book, four women are seen pulling a sledge, laden with what appears to be two cadavers. The ground is frozen, possibly re-frozen after a partial thaw, suggesting the photograph was taken in late March 1942, around the 200th day of the Nazi blockade of Leningrad. Just less than 100,000 people died in Leningrad that month, most from starvation. In each of the two previous months the number exceeded 100,000.
By chance, 15-year-old Lena Mukhina began her almost daily report on her life in Leningrad on 22nd May 1941. She was a very normal teenager. Her primary concerns were the end-of-year examinations at school and social relationships with her fellow pupils. She had a number of girlfriends, was on good terms with several boys, and considered herself in love with a boy named Vova. Vova was always polite, but unfortunately showed no real interest in Lena. Lena, of course, hoped to change that.
She writes interestingly, and is particularly good at dialogue. Some of the early pages of her diary could be transferred directly to a film or TV script.
Then, on 22nd June, Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa. Lena's diary entries include news of the invasion as it was conveyed to the Soviet population through Sovinformburo, and as it impacted herself, her circle of school friends and their city.
She was co-opted to help with trench-digging within the city limits and then, in mid-July, she and `Mama Lena' (Lena's late mother's sister) were conscripted for three days of trench digging 21 miles south of Leningrad. The logistics of 12 hours of overnight digging, with a ten minute break every hour, are carefully described. 'We learned that there wasn't any food but there would be soon.'
Air raids began in early July; food rationing quickly followed. On 8th September Lena wrote, 'there were nine air raids ... If we have nine air raids a day for ten days in a row, then I believe there will be considerably more lunatics than sane people left in the city.'
Gradually, shortage of food became a far greater concern than either air raids or artillery fire. In November, the bread ration for white collar workers, adult dependents and children under 12 was reduced to 125 grams a day (4.4 ounces).
For the most part, Lena remains remarkably optimistic and cheerful. For as long as they had the energy, Lena and Mama Lena chased around and queued as necessary to buy the little amounts of food to which they were entitled. They each brought home small quantities of food they were given at lunchtime at work and school and made soup of it with plenty of hot water. After eating two bowls of this soup, Lena would go to bed 'feeling full'.
The bread ration was eased a little on December 25th, and there was a further increase in late January. But it was still too little and the January increase came too late to save Mama Lena. After some days of becoming increasingly lethargic and incapable, she died on February 7th, leaving Lena alone in the besieged city. Lena sent a telegram to her nearest relatives, 700 miles away, asking for 'advice', but, most unfortunately, sent it to an old address. It was late April before she finally received the response 'come'.
But how to get out of Leningrad? And how to survive until that became possible? Lena details almost daily her further adventures and the many frustrations of securing a place on an evacuation train. Even when that is arranged, there are further delays.
By late May, Lena is recording definite signs that she is herself succumbing to starvation. Then the diary abruptly ends, exactly 368 days after it began.
If we had no other information, we would fear that Lena had become moribund and, after a few more days, died. But the editors of this excellent volume have managed to establish that Lena did finally leave Leningrad in early June and that she ultimately lived to be 66, in her later years working in Moscow as a commercial artist.
For some readers of this book, the day-by-day account of the very small amounts of food acquired and consumed may become tedious. Others, especially of Lena's own age, will deeply empathize with her, and strongly will her to remain optimistic and active - and survive. For anyone with an interest in Soviet Russia and the Leningrad Siege, there is a huge amount to be learnt from Lena's diary, and it will implant an indelible impression of that awful Leningrad winter. This text is an important find. Without having any idea that she was doing so, Lena Mukhina has written herself into immortality.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By Amazon Customer
After Anne Frank's diary' I was shocked by reading this diary.
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